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Medicaments

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Medication
Incompatible medicaments

Medication

The medication of histamine-related diseases like mast cell activity syndrome (MCAS), mastocytosis or histamine intolerance is described in detail in our SIGHI Medication Manual:

The SIGHI Medication Manual: pharmaceutical treatment of MCAD / Histaminosis

The SIGHI Medication Manual describes in detail and well-structured on more than 120 pages the different possibilities of medical treatment for systemic mast cell activation diseases, histamine intolerance or histaminosis and shows the advantages of numerous active substances as well as their disadvantages. In addition to pharmaceuticals, medical devices, foods for special medical purposes and dietary supplements are also explained. The Medication Manual explains the therapy concept and provides numerous suggestions for basic therapy and symptomatic additional treatment of the chronic phase as well as for the treatment of acute phases. It also presents treatment in special situations such as anaphylaxis / anaphylactic shock, infectious diseases, vaccinations, pollen allergies, pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as premedication and other precautions regarding anesthesia, surgery and dental treatment. There is also a list of incompatible active substances and instructions on how to assess the tolerance of pharmaceutical products. This is complemented by many other tips and tricks.

	SIGHI_Medication_Manual_PREVIEW.pdf (1 MB, version 2019-01-03)
	SIGHI_Medication_Manual.pdf (3 MB, version 2019-01-03)

Internal document for members only. No retail sale.

Here we can only briefly explain the most important classes of active ingredients:

Antihistamines

Antihistamines (histamine receptor antagonists) can be used to block the histamine receptors on the surface of cells. H1-receptors are blocked with H1-antihistamines to prevent most symptoms. Additionally, H2-receptors are blocked with an H2-antihistamine in case of excess gastric acid or other gastric / intestinal symptoms.

Diamine oxidase (DAO)

Diamine oxidase capsules can be taken before meals to decompose intestinal histamine before uptake. It has an effect only against histamine in foods, but not against histamine liberators and not against endogenous histamine released by mast cells.

Mast cell stabilisators

Some active substances are able to stabilise mast cells. Some act only locally, some are systemic.

Food supplements

Some food supplements like ascorbic acid, zinc or magnesium may have a slight positive effect. Ascorbic acid lowers the histamine level, but is also a slight DAO-inhibitor. It seems that ascorbic acid has a positive effect in mast cell diseases but may have negative effects in those concerned with histamine intolerance.

Incompatible medicaments

Histamine liberators

Many agents in medicaments (active substances as well as additives) have the negative effect that they cause mast cell degranulation which leads to release of histamine and other mast cell mediators. They have to be avoided where ever possible according to the agreement with your physician.

DAO-Inhibitors

Many agents in medicaments have the negative effect that they are diamine oxidase inhibitors or inhibitors of other histamine degrading enzymes. They have to be avoided where ever possible according to the agreement with your physician.

List of incompatible active substances in medicaments

This list needs to be completed. Please let us know your experiences with other substances.

Active substance	Examples of products ®	Categories	Histamine effects	References
Acemetacin		Antirheumatic	DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985, Fritzsche 2009]
Acetylcysteine	Fluimucil, Helvetussin, Muco-Mepha, NeoCitran, Solmucol	Mucolytic, antidote	DAO inhibitor	[Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Acetylsalicylic acid, ASS	Aspirin	Analgesic	Histamine liberator	[Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Acriflavin		Antiseptic	DAO inhibitor	[Fritzsche 2009]
Alcuronium		Muscle relaxant	DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985, Maintz et al. 2006, Forth 2008]
Alprenolol		Beta blocker	DAO inhibitor	[Maintz et al. 2006]
Ambroxol	Ambrovene, Ambroxol, Broxol, Mucosolvan, Mucospas	Expectorant	DAO inhibitor	[Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Amiloride		Diuretic	?	[Maintz et al. 2006]
Aminocycline			DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985]
Aminophyllin	Euphyllin, Mundiphyllin, Myocardon	Antiasthmatic	DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985, Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Amiphenazole			DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985]
Amitriptyline	Saroten, Tryptizol, Limbritol	Tricyclic antidepressant	DAO inhibitor	[Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Amodiaquins		Antimalarials	HNMT-Blocker	[Horton et al. 2005, Aschenbach 2002]
Amphetamine			Histamine liberator	[Uni Bochum]
Amphotericin B		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[Livingstone 2013, Büttiker]
Atracurium		Muscle relaxant	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014, Dewachter et al. 2014]
Atropine			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Barbiturates		Hypnotics, sedatives, anaesthetics	Histamine liberator	[Steneberg 2007]
Bile acids, bile salts			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Bupropion		NDRI	Histamine liberator	[Afrin et al. 2015]
Carbamazepine		Anticonvulsant	Histamine liberator	[Afrin et al. 2015]
Carbocromene			DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985]
Cefotiam		Antibiotic	DAO inhibitor	[Maintz et al. 2006]
Cefuroxime		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014, Maintz et al. 2006]
Chloroquine	Chlorochin, Nivaquine, Resochin	Antimalarials, antirheumatic	DAO inhibitor, HNMT-Blocker	[Sattler 1985, Jarisch 2004, Donatelli et al. 1994, Maintz et al. 2006]
Chlortetracyclins		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Cimetidine		H2 antihistamine	DAO inhibitor	[Prof. Ralf Bauer Uni Bonn; found in: Jarisch 2004 S.12, Maintz et al. 2006, Fritzsche 2009]
Ciprofloxacin		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[Livingstone 2013, SIGHI: 1 Fallbericht]
Clavulanic acid	Augmentin	Antibiotic	DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985, Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Codeine		Opiate, analgesic, cough medicine	Histamine liberator	[Afrin et al. 2015, , Steneberg 2007]
Colistin mesilate			DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985]
Curare		Arrow poison alkaloids, anaesthetic		[Büttiker]
Cyclophosphamide		Cytostatic	?	[Maintz et al. 2006]
D-Cycloserine	Seromycin	Antibiotic	DAO inhibitor (Vitamin B6-Antagonist)	[Sattler 1985, Steneberg 2007]
Decamethonium			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Dextranes	Sephadex	Blood plasma substitute, antithrombotic	Histamine liberator	[Giertz und Hahn 1966, Büttiker]
Diazepam	Valium	Tranquilizer	DAO inhibitor	[Fritzsche 2009]
Diclofenac	Voltaren	Antirheumatic	Histamine liberator	[Jarisch 2004]
Dihydralazine	Nepresol	Antihypertensive, vasodilator	DAO inhibitor	[Wantke et al. 1989, Sattler 1985, Maintz et al. 2006, Fritzsche 2009]
Diphenhydramine	Nardyl, Benocten	Sedative, antihistamine	HNMT-Blocker	[Horton et al. 2005, Farag et al. 2008]
Dipyrone: see Metamizol
Dobutamine		Antihypotonic	?	[Maintz et al. 2006]
Fenpiverinium			DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985]
Flurbiprofen			Histamine liberator	[Jarisch 2004]
Framycetin		Antibiotic	DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985, Fritzsche 2009]
Furosemide	Lasix	Diuretic	DAO inhibitor	[Fritzsche 2009]
Gadolinium chelates		X-ray contrast media	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Gallamines			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Gelatine		Plasma substitute	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Glyceroltrinitrate, glyceryltrinitrate, nitroglycerin, Propantrioltrinitrat		Vasodilator	Histamine liberator	[Pedersen et al. 2015]
Haloperidol	Haldol	Neuroleptic	DAO inhibitor	[Fritzsche 2009]
Heroin			Histamine liberator	[Nesterenko 2010]
Hydralazine			Histamine liberator	[Uni Bochum]
Hydroxyethyl starch		Plasma substitute	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Indomethacin			Histamine liberator	[Jarisch 2004]
Isoniazide	Rimifon, Rifater	Tuberculostatic	DAO inhibitor (Vitamin B6-Antagonist)	[Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Ketoprofen			Histamine liberator	[Jarisch 2004]
Latex gloves			Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Levofloxacin		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Meclofenamic acid			Histamine liberator	[Jarisch 2004]
Mefenamic acid				[Jarisch 2004]
Meperidine: see pethidine		Opioid
Metamizole, dipyrones	Novalgin, Minalgin	Analgesic, antipyretic	DAO inhibitor	[Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Methohexital		Injection narcotic	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Metoclopramide	Migpriv, Paspertin, Primperan	Antiemetic, gastroenterologic, dopamine antagonist	DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985, Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Metoprine			HNMT-Blocker	[Horton et al. 2005, Jochem]
Mivacurium		Muscle relaxant	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014, Dewachter et al. 2014]
Morphine		Analgesic, opioid	Histamine liberator	[Afrin et al. 2015, Maintz et al. 2006, Steneberg 2007, Forth 2008]
Naproxen			Histamine liberator	[Jarisch 2004]
Nefopam		Analgesic	Histamine liberator	[Dewachter et al. 2014]
Neomycin		Antibiotic	DAO inhibitor	[Mathelier-Fusade 2006]
Nitroglycerin, glycerol trinitrate, glyceryl trinitrate, propane triol trinitrate		Vasodilator	Histamine liberator	[Pedersen et al. 2015]
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)		Analgesic	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Noscapine		Analgesic	Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Novamine sulfone	(=Metamizol) Novalgin, Minalgin	Analgesic, antipyretic	DAO inhibitor	[Jarisch 2004]
NSAP, NSAR, NSAID	Verträglichkeit individuell!	NSAR, NSAID	(Histamine liberator)	[Afrin et al. 2015]
Opiates, Opioids	(Heroin, Morphium)	Aalgesic	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014, Wirz and Molderings 2017]
Orciprenaline			DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985]
Pancuronium		Muscle relaxant	DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985, Maintz et al. 2006, Fritzsche 2009]
Papaverine			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Pentamidine		Antibiotic	DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985, Maintz et al. 2006]
Pethidine, Meperidine		Analgesic, opioid	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014, Wirz and Molderings 2017, Afrin et al. 2015, Maintz et al. 2006, Forth 2008]
Phenobarbital		Injection narcotic	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Pilocarpine			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Pirenzepine			DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985]
Polymyxin B		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (E1201)	Povidone, PVP, Periston	Blood plasma substitute, antithrombotic, excipient in tablets and capsules	Histamine liberator	[Giertz und Hahn 1966, Novartis 2008]
Prilocaine		Local anaesthetic	DAO inhibitor	[Maintz et al. 2006, Nesterenko 2010]
Procaine		Local anaesthetic	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Promethazine	Atosil, Closin, Proneurin, Prothazin	Sedative, antihistamine, antipsychotic	DAO inhibitor	[Irion 2009]
Propafenone	Rytmonorm	Antiarrhythmic	DAO inhibitor	[Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
Propanidide		Anaesthetic	DAO inhibitor	[Nesterenko 2010]
Protamine		Heparin antagonization	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014; Horrow 1985]
Pyrazolones		Analgesic	Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Quinidine		Cardiac	DAO inhibitor	[Fritzsche 2009]
Quinine			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Reserpine			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Rifampicin		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[Livingstone 2013]
Rifaximin		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[1 Einzelfallbericht SIGHI]
Scopolamine			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors		Antidepressant	Unverträglich	[Afrin et al. 2015]
Stilbamidine			Histamine liberator	[Büttiker]
Suxamethonium		Muscle relaxant	Histamine liberator	[Forth 2008 Sido et al. 2014]
Tacrin		Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Alzheimer's drug	HNMT-Blocker	[Cumming and Vincent 1992, Taraschenko et al. 2005]
Teicoplanin		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[Livingstone 2013]
Tetracaine		Local anaesthetic	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]
Tetroxoprim			DAO inhibitor	[Sattler 1985]
Thiamine (vitamin B1)	(In parenteral administration. Compatible with food.)		Histaminliberator, DAO inhibitor	[Büttiker, Sattler 1985]
Thiopental		Sedative	Histaminliberator / DAO inhibitor ?	[Sido et al. 2014, Maintz et al. 2006]
Tolazoline			Histamine liberator	[Uni Bochum]
Topiramate		Migraine, anti-epileptic	Histamine liberator	[Afrin et al. 2015]
tricyclic antidepressants			Unverträglich	[Afrin et al. 2015]
Tubocurarins, D-Tubocurarin		Muscle relaxant	Histamine liberator	[Sattler 1985, Maintz et al. 2006, Forth 2008, Steneberg 2007]
Tyramine			Histamine liberator	[Uni Bochum]
Vancomycine		Antibiotic	Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014, Livingstone 2013]
Verapamil	Flamon, Isoptin, Tarka	Coronaryvasodilatant, antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, calcium antagonist	DAO inhibitor	[Jarisch 2004, Maintz et al. 2006]
X-ray contrast media	All of them!	X-ray contrast media	Histamine liberator	[Jarisch 2004]
ß-Adrenoceptor blockers			Histamine liberator	[Sido et al. 2014]

Compatible alternatives

For compatible alternatives please have a look at the SIGHI Medication Manual.

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References and bibliography

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A	Back to the previous position
Afrin et al. 2015	Afrin LB, Pöhlau D, Raithel M, Haenisch B, Dumoulin FL, Homann J, Mauer UM, Harzer S, Molderings GJ.: "Mast Cell Activation Disease: An Underappreciated Cause of Neurologic and Psychiatric Symptoms and Diseases." Brain Behav Immun. 2015 Jul 7. pii: S0889-1591(15)00236-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.002. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162709 ("We describe MCAD's pathogenesis, presentation (focusing on [central and/or peripheral neurologic and/or psychiatric symptoms] (NPS)), and therapy, especially vis-à-vis neuropsychotropes. Since MCAD patients often present NPS, neurologists and psychiatrists have the opportunity, in recognizing the diagnostic possibility of MCAD, to short-circuit the often decades-long delay in establishing the correct diagnosis required to identify optimal therapy.")
Aschenbach et al. 2002	Aschenbach JR, Ahrens F, Garz B, Gäbel G.: "Paracellular tightness and catabolism restrict histamine permeation in the proximal colon of pigs". Pflugers Arch. 2002 Oct;445(1):115-22. Epub 2002 Jul 16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12397395
B	Back to the previous position
Bielenberg 2005	Bielenberg, Jens: "Korrelate einer schadstoffinduzierten Veränderung des Histaminstoffwechsels? Die Allergie-Hypothese". Österreichische Apotheker-Zeitung ÖAZ Aktuell (Ausgabe 15/2005), Hauptartikel 15/2005. Anschrift des Autors: Apotheker Jens Bielenberg, Raphael-Apotheke, D-25364 Westerhorn, Bahnhofstr. 53 http://www3.apoverlag.at/pdf/files/OAZ/OAZ-2005/OAZ-2005-15.pdf http://www.zaen.org/download/artikel/2005_11_aefn_bielenberg.pdf (Sehr interessanter Artikel über mögliche Ursachen von Allergien, Störfaktoren im Histaminstoffwechsel, Abbaumechanismen von Histamin, Ascorbate (Vitamin C), Umweltschadstoffe, Schilddrüsenerkrankungen, mit Kommentar von Prof. Jarisch)
Büttiker	Dr. med. U. Büttiker, Konsiliararzt Universitätsklinik Bern: "Histaminliberatoren", http://www.hautarzt-bubenberg.ch/sites/hautarzt-bubenberg.ch/files/pdf/Histaminliberatoren.pdf, abgerufen am 16.07.2011.
C	Back to the previous position
Cumming and Vincent 1992	Cumming P, Vincent SR.: "Inhibition of histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT) by fragments of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (tacrine) and by beta-carbolines." Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Sep 1;44(5):989-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1530666 ("Histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT), the major enzyme for the metabolism of histamine in rat brain, is potently inhibited by 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (tacrine).")
D	Back to the previous position
Donatelli et al. 1994	Donatelli, P., Marchi, G., Giuliani, L., Gustafsson, L.L., Pacifici, G.M.: "Stereoselective inhibition by chloroquine of histamine N-methyltransferase in the human liver and brain.", Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1994). www.wikigenes.org/e/ref/e/7875186.html
F	Back to the previous position
Farag et al. 2008	Farag NA, Mohamed SR, Soliman GA.: "Design, synthesis, and docking studies of novel benzopyrone derivatives as H(1)-antihistaminic agents." Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Oct 1;16(19):9009-17. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.039. Epub 2008 Aug 26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18789706 ("histamine N-methyltranseferase (HNMT) active site in complex with its bound inhibitor (diphenhydramine)")
Forth 2008	Forth, Wolfgang; Hofmann, Franz; Förstermann, Ulrich: "Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie", 9. Auflage, Elsevier,Urban&Fischer Verlag, 2008.
Fritzsche 2009	Fritzsche, Doris: "GU Kompass Nahrungsmittel Intoleranzen, Laktose, Fruktose, Histamin", Gräfe und Unzer Verlag, 1. Auflage 2009. ISBN 978-3-8338-1368-9.
G	Back to the previous position
Giertz und Hahn 1966	H. Giertz und F: Hahn: "Makromolekulare Histaminliberatoren", In: Mauricio Rocha e Silva (Hrsg.): Histamine and Anti-Histaminics Part 1. Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie Band XVIII/1. Berlin, Springer-Verlag 1966, hier Seite 481–568
Gilfillan and Beaven 2011	Gilfillan AM, Beaven MA.: "Regulation of mast cell responses in health and disease." Crit Rev Immunol. 2011;31(6):475-529. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22321108 (Das Antibiotikum Novalgin ist ein Histaminliberator.)
H	Back to the previous position
Horton et al. 2005	Horton JR, Sawada K, Nishibori M, Cheng X.: "Structural basis for inhibition of histamine N-methyltransferase by diverse drugs". J Mol Biol. 2005 Oct 21;353(2):334-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16168438 (Medikamentenwirkstoffe als HNMT-Blocker: Folgende Stoffe, von denen bekannt ist, dass sie starke HNMT-Inhibitoren sind, wurden darauf hin untersucht, auf welche Weise sie den Histaminabbau blockieren: Diphenhydramine (ein H1-Antihistaminikum!), Amodiaquine, Metoprine, Tacrine. Alle blockieren die Histamin-Bindungsstelle des Enzyms, so dass kein Histamin mehr zum aktiven Zentrum der HNMT gelangen kann.)
I	Back to the previous position
Irion 2009	Dr. Roland Irion: Internetseite "Biogene Amine. Auslöser von pseudoallergischen Reaktionen". http://www.alles-zur-allergologie.de/Allergologie/Artikel/3526/Allergen,Allergie/Biogene%20Amine/, abgerufen am 30.04.2013.
J	Back to the previous position
Jarisch 2004	Jarisch, Reinhart: "Histamin-Intoleranz, Histamin und Seekrankheit", Thieme Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-13-105382-8.
Jarisch 2005	Jarisch, Reinhart: "Histamin-Intoleranz: Ein oft übersehenes Problem". Arzt & Praxis VerlagsGmbH, Wien, Sonderdruck Oktober 2005, Heft Nr. 908, S. 380-382, 59. Jahrgang. http://www.reizmageninfo.de/ArztPraxis_2005_Jarisch.pdf, abgerufen am 08.11.2009 (inzwischen nicht mehr abrufbar).
Jochem 2004	Jochem J.: "Cardiac and regional haemodynamic effects of histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor metoprine in haemorrhage-shocked rats." Inflamm Res. 2004 Jul;53(7):316-23. Epub 2004 Jun 25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15241567, Metoprin = HNMT-Hemmer
K	Back to the previous position
Komericki et al. 2010	Peter Komericki, Georg Klein, Norbert Reider, Thomas Hawranek, Tanja Strimitzer, Roland Lang,Bettina Kranzelbinder, Werner Aberer: "Histamine intolerance: lack of reproducibility of single symptoms by oral provocation with histamine: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study", Wien Klin Wochenschr (2010). DOI 10.1007/s00508-010-1506-y. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21165702, http://pubget.com/paper/21165702, abgerufen am 11.12.2011. Erfolgreicher Wirksamkeitsnachweis von Diaminoxidasepräparaten (DAOSIN). Zudem wurde gezeigt, dass das Auftreten einzelner Symptome nicht reproduzierbar ist. Es ist sinnlos, eine Korrelation zwischen der Histaminbelastung und einem bestimmten Symptom zu suchen. Man sollte in Studien immer die gesamte Palette der histaminvermittelten Symptomatik als Ganzes erfassen.
L	Back to the previous position
Livingstone 2013	Dr. med. Elisabeth Livingstone, PD Dr. med. Uwe Hillen, PD Dr. med. Andreas Körber: "Unerwünschte Arzneimittelreaktionen" PowerPoint Präsentation Universitätsklinikum Essen. www.uk-essen.de/fileadmin/user_upload/hautklinik/fuer_studenten/arzneireaktionen_livingstone_23_05_2013.pdf (nicht mehr abrufbar)
M	Back to the previous position
Mathelier-Fusade 2006	Mathelier-Fusade P.: "Drug-induced urticarias" Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2006 Feb;30(1):19-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16461991 Gelesen in Gilfillan and Beaven 2011. (Das Antibiotikum Novalgin ist ein DAO-Inhibitor.)
Medivere GmbH	ganzimmun.ch: "Ernährungsempfehlungen bei Histamin-Intoleranz", Medivere GmbH. http://www.histaminose.de/07_pdf/histamin.pdf, abgerufen am 06.12.2009 (inzwischen nicht mehr abrufbar). www.ganzimmun.ch/seiten/download_file.php?download_id=1855, abgerufen am 1.9.2014.
N	Back to the previous position
Nesterenko 2010	Nesterenko, Sigi: "Histaminintoleranz - die unentdeckte Krankheit", Rainer Bloch Verlag, 2010, ISBN-10: 3981095189, ISBN-13: 978-3981095180.
Novartis 2008	Novartis: "FACHINFORMATION Program® 40, Suspension zur Injektion für Katzen", Juli 2008. http://www.ah.novartis.de/platform/content/element/1612/ProgramInj40-Katze.pdf, abgerufen am 12.2.2013. ("Nicht bei Hunden anwenden. Der Hilfsstoff Polyvinylpyrrolidon (Povidon) ist für Hunde eine starke Histamin freisetzende Substanz. Beim Hund können deshalb, im Gegensatz zuKatzen, schwere Reaktionen auftreten.") Anm. d. Red.: Hunde erkranken besonders häufig an Mastozytomen oder Mastzellsarkomen. Ein Indiz, dass Mastozytosepatienten auf Povidon vielleicht ähnlich empfindlich reagieren könnten wie Hunde?
O	Back to the previous position
O'Sullivan et al. 2006	O'Sullivan J, O'Sullivan MI, Tipton KE, Davey G.: "Inhibition of amine oxidases by the histamine-1 receptor antagonist hydroxyzine". J Neural Transm Suppl. 2006;(71):105-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17447421 (Hydroxyzine (ein H1-Antihistaminikum!) blockiert die DAO.)
P	Back to the previous position
Pedersen et al. 2015	Pedersen SH, Ramachandran R, Amrutkar DV, Petersen S, Olesen J, Jansen-Olesen: "Mechanisms of glyceryl trinitrate provoked mast cell degranulation." Cephalalgia. 2015 Feb 27. pii: 0333102415574846. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25724914 (Intravenös verabreichtes Glyceroltrinitrat (Nitroglyzerin) führt einige Stunden nach der Injektion zu starker Mastzelldegranulation. Mechanismus noch unbekannt.)
S	Back to the previous position
Sattler et al. 1987	Sattler J, Hesterberg R, Schmidt U, Crombach M, Lorenz W.: "Inhibition of intestinal diamine oxidase by detergents: a problem for drug formulations with water insoluble agents applied by the intravenous route?" Agents Actions. 1987 Apr;20(3-4):270-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3111194 (Intravenös verabreichte Medikamente enthalten oft Detergentien/Tenside als Hilfsstoffe. Mehrere dieser Detergentien erwiesen sich als DAO-Hemmer und könnten für Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen auf Medikamente verantwortlich sein.)
Sattler et al. 1985	Sattler J, Hesterberg R, Lorenz W, Schmidt U, Crombach M, Stahlknecht CD.: "Inhibition of human and canine diamine oxidase by drugs used in an intensive care unit: relevance for clinical side effects?" Agents Actions. 1985 Apr;16(3-4):91-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3925736 (Liste unverträglicher Medikamente (DAO-Hemmer))
Steneberg 2007	Steneberg, Andreas: "Biogene Amine – Ernährung bei Histamin-Intoleranz", Umwelt & Gesundheit 2/2007. http://www.iug-umwelt-gesundheit.de/pdf/072_47_56_SP_HIT_neu.pdf, abgerufen am 06.11.2009.
T	Back to the previous position
Taraschenko et al. 2005	Taraschenko OD, Barnes WG, Herrick-Davis K, Yokoyama Y, Boyd DL, Hough LB.: "Actions of tacrine and galanthamine on histamine-N-methyltransferase." Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;27(3):161-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15834447 ("Tacrine (0.01-10 microM) inhibited both human and rat HNMT activity in a concentration-dependent manner, but was less potent on both human embryonic kidney and recombinant human brain HNMT than on rat kidney HNMT [...]. Tacrine, but not galanthamine, may achieve brain levels sufficient to influence histamine metabolism in some patients treated for Alzheimer's disease.")
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Uni Bochum	Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum – St. Josef-Hospital: "Patienteninformation Mastozytose", undatiert. http://www.derma.de/bochum/tl_files/dermatologie/dermatologie-pdf/Informationsblaetter/Merkblaetter_Mastozytose.pdf, abgerufen am 23.12.2014.
Y	Back to the previous positione
Yokoyama 2007	Yokoyama A, Mori S, Takahashi HK, Kanke T, Wake H, Nishibori M: "Effect of amodiaquine, a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor, on, Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in mice", Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Mar 8;558(1-3):179-84. Epub 2006 Nov 22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222819, abgerufen am 13.06.2010.